Which Countries Allow Dual Citizenship in 2025?

Obtaining a second citizenship is an important step in internationalising your life which means no single country can control your freedom or your wealth.

And here at Nomad Capitalist, we help people like you do just that.

But having a second passport isn’t ideal if you have to relinquish your original citizenship in order to get it. That’s just trading one passport for another. In some cases, that isn’t necessarily a bad thing, but it all depends on which country you’re trading up to.

While more and more countries are allowing dual citizenship, several dual citizenship countries are beginning to crack down on their citizens with multiple nationalities. And, of course, there are countries where dual citizenship is strictly forbidden. 

So, to help you plan your global strategy, here’s an updated list of countries that allow dual citizenship. 

It takes into account several European countries which are taking on the prevailing trend of more liberal policies toward people holding multiple citizenships. We’ll also cover which countries do not allow dual nationality.

List of Countries that Allow Dual Citizenship

Before we get into the details, here’s our list of 67 countries where you can get dual citizenship:

• Albania
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Argentina
• Armenia
• Australia
• Barbados
• Bangladesh
• Belgium
• Belize
• Bolivia
• Brazil
• Canada
• Chile
• Costa Rica
• Cyprus
• Czech Republic
• Denmark
• Djibouti
• Dominica
• Egypt
• Finland
• France
• Greece
• Grenada
• Hungary
• Iceland
• Ireland
• Israel
• Italy
• Jamaica
• Kosovo
• Latvia
• Lebanon
• Liberia
• Luxembourg
• Malawi
• Malta
• Mexico
• Morocco
• New Zealand
• Nigeria
• Norway
• Pakistan
• Panama
• Peru
• The Philippines
• Poland
• Portugal
• Romania
• Serbia
• Slovenia
• South Africa
• Spain
• St Kitts and Nevis
• St Lucia
• Sweden
• Switzerland
• Syria
• Tanzania
• Thailand
• Turkey
• United Arab Emirates
• United Kingdom
• United States
• Vanuatu
• Venezuela
• Zambia

67 Countries that Allow Dual Citizenship

According to our latest research, the following countries allow dual citizenship in 2024 (and for now, 2025).

Albania

The Albanian nationality law has been permitting dual citizenship since 1992.

Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda does permit dual citizenship, which is great for entrepreneurs who are looking for tax relief. The citizenship application gets processed within three to four months only and it doesn’t even require you to travel to the country to get it.

Learn how to get citizenship by investment in Antigua and Barbuda.

Argentina

Argentina allows dual citizenship with any nationality. The only caveat is that dual citizens are only recognised as Argentinians while they are in Argentina.

Armenia

The Armenian nationality law adopted in 1995 and amended in 2007 permits dual citizenship.

Australia

The Australian government claims that it’s possible to hold citizenship for two or more countries as far as they’re concerned. This applies to those who obtain another nationality automatically, such as through marriage, through being permanent residents or through another application process.

Barbados

Barbados not only allows Barbadian citizens to maintain a second nationality, they actually encourage those living overseas to keep this potential benefit in mind.

Bangladesh

In case you have the urge to become a naturalised citizen of this South Asian nation, be careful not to be sentenced to a long prison term or incur a criminal fine within five years of your new citizenship. Doing so could void your naturalisation. 

Otherwise, Bangladesh citizens are not eligible to lose their citizenship, including when obtaining another nationality.

Belgium

Belgium used to be one of the easiest and best countries in which to obtain a second citizenship. In fact, it was possible to become a Belgian citizen in as quickly as three years if you established ties in the country and kept your nose clean. 

While it now takes five years at a bare minimum — and as many as nine — to become naturalised in Belgium, the good news is that existing Belgian citizens are eligible to hold dual citizenship as of 2008.

Belize

Belize allows dual citizenship with any country that allows it, with no restrictions.

Bolivia

Bolivia permits dual citizenship, and Bolivians who acquire other citizenships are not required to renounce it.

Brazil

Dual citizenship has been permitted without restrictions in Brazil since 1994. The fastest way to get Brazilian citizenship is by marriage.

Canada

Canada is one of the more interesting case studies regarding dual citizenship. Due to its proximity to the Land of the Free, some Canadians were actually born in the United States and don’t know they hold a second nationality.

Canada seems to encourage its citizens to utilise their status of dual nationality, and certainly allows it. They do suggest you enter the country of your second citizenship using your Canadian passport, though, which may not be allowed under the second country’s rules.

Chile

Contrary to what other people might tell you, Chile allows dual nationality.

Costa Rica

Costa Rica is one of the Americas’ hardest countries in which to become naturalised, but all Costa Rican citizens may maintain other nationalities without issue.

Cyprus

Considering that Cyprus used to offer its own (expensive) economic citizenship program (until it was terminated in 2020), it only makes sense that Cyprus allows you to maintain additional citizenships.

If you’re interested in getting Cyprus citizenship, one of the best pathways is through the country’s residence by investment program.

Czech Republic

Nationalists in the Czech Republic worked to uphold a long-standing tradition of forbidding citizens from having other allegiances. However, as of 2014, the Czech Republic allows for multiple nationalities. 

It’s part of their effort to further align themselves with the policies of the EU. Former Czech nationals who lost their citizenship can apply for reinstatement.

Denmark

For years, Denmark has restricted its citizens to be Danish, or choose to be something else. However, as of 2015 it allows dual citizenship.

Djibouti

After recent changes, Djibouti now allows its citizens to hold another passport, and any citizen who obtains another nationality will not lose their Djibouti passport.

Dominica

Dominica is one of the countries that recognise dual citizenship and will not ask its passport holders to give up their existing citizenship.

Egypt

Egyptian citizens may obtain multiple nationalities. However, they must notify the ‘proper’ Egyptian authorities first. 

There is no such thing as private second citizenship without jeopardising Egyptian citizenship. Citizens must also inform the government of their intent to keep Egyptian citizenship within one year of obtaining foreign citizenship. 

Egyptian dual nationals are exempt from military service and prohibited from enrolling in military and police academies, or from being elected to Egyptian Parliament. Sounds like a good deal to us.

Finland

As of 2003, Finnish citizens are entitled to hold dual citizenship and even multiple citizenships. 

Those naturalised as Finnish citizens are permitted to keep their original citizenship, as well. Foreigners who acquire a Finnish nationality will not be obliged to renounce their current nationality.

France

French citizens are entitled to hold dual or multiple citizenships and have been for several decades. In addition, France denounced a Council of Europe proposal that attempted to reduce cases of multiple nationalities.

Greece

Greek citizens are allowed to maintain dual citizenship unless they request to renounce their Greek citizenship. Renunciation of Greek citizenship is subject to completion of any military service requirement. 

It’s possible to obtain a second residency in Greece and work toward citizenship, but the government won’t be on your side.

Grenada

Grenada recognises dual citizenship, which means that the investors flocking in for the Grenada citizenship by investment program don’t have to renounce their original citizenship.

Hungary

Hungary flirted with its own economic citizenship program (as well as citizenship-based taxation) and does allow its citizens to maintain multiple citizenships.

Iceland

Much like Finland, Iceland overturned its ban on holding more than one citizenship in 2003 and offered those who lost Icelandic status under the old system four years to apply for reinstatement.

Ireland

Ireland does allow dual citizenship. Like Israel and Italy, Ireland allows those with Irish ancestors to claim an Irish passport. It’s one of the best citizenship-by-descent passports. In fact, there are some 14 million Irish passports in circulation, despite the country having a much, much smaller population.

Israel

In an attempt to increase the roster of Israeli citizens and Jews with Israeli passports, Israel has a very straightforward passport program through the Law of Return. Israel is more than happy to allow its citizens to maintain dual nationality.

Italy

Italy considers anyone with Italian bloodlines an Italian citizen, even before you apply to claim an ancestral passport. As long as you can prove your Italian ancestry, you can become an Italian citizen. 

Italy does not require you to renounce other citizenships when you follow this procedure, or when you become a naturalised citizen through residence.

Jamaica

According to Jamaica’s own consulate websites, the country recognises dual citizenship.

Kosovo

Many Kosovars have special, recognisable Serbian passports issued from a special passport unit in Belgrade, as Serbia still does not recognise Kosovo as an independent state. Due to many Kosovars having Serbian citizenship, and even third citizenships in places they migrated to (such as Germany), Kosovo allows dual citizenship.

Latvia

The Baltic country recently liberalised its laws to allow Latvians to hold another nationality (or more than one). This is a great opportunity for those who obtain Latvian residency by starting a business or investing in real estate or through other ways, and have the eventual goal of becoming Latvian citizens.

Lebanon

Lebanon permits dual citizenship. Nonetheless, the government can lawfully require a dual citizen to renounce foreign citizenship in certain circumstances, such as if a dual citizen serves in the military of another country or engages in activities deemed harmful to Lebanon’s interests.

Liberia

As of November 11th 2021, a dual citizenship bill was passed allowing Liberians to hold dual citizenship freely. Liberians cannot be rid of their citizenship unless they choose to renounce it.

Luxembourg

Luxembourg allows dual citizenship or even multiple citizenships. Luxembourgian citizens who voluntarily either acquire or recover a foreign citizenship will not lose their citizenship.

Malawi

Malawi amended its laws in November of 2021 to allow citizens to hold dual citizenship.

Malta

Malta’s Exceptional Investor Naturalization (MEIN) program allows anyone to become Maltese within one year without relinquishing their existing citizenships. This goes hand-in-hand with their favourable view on dual citizenship.

Mexico

A Mexican at birth may acquire other nationalities, but will always be considered Mexican by the Mexican government. Furthermore, all Mexican citizens must enter and leave the country on his or her Mexican passport. They may also be prohibited from partaking in certain investments within the country. 

Here’s how you can get second residency and citizenship in Mexico.

Morocco

Moroccan law recognises dual citizenship, but allegedly, you must be granted permission from the government before you actually acquire your second citizenship. It’s not always a straightforward or guaranteed process.

New Zealand

New Zealand allows dual and even multiple citizenship. You can be a citizen of New Zealand and any other country that allows dual citizenship at the same time.

Nigeria

Nigerians may have more than one citizenship, despite some limited public pressure against the practice in the African country.

Norway

Since early 2020, Norwegian citizens have been allowed dual citizenship. You can’t lose your Norwegian citizenship by becoming a citizen of another country. 

Pakistan

Due to a growing number of Pakistan citizens living overseas, the government now recognises dual citizenship for Pakistan citizens under most circumstances.

However, dual citizens are forbidden from certain voting rights, serving in the military, holding any number of public offices or even civil servant jobs. Not a bad trade-off.

Panama

Panama allows dual citizenship. A second residence (and an eventual second passport) in Panama can be obtained rather easily by citizens of any of 50 ‘friendly nations’ – namely most Western countries – making dual citizenship an important part of the country.

Peru

Similar to some other Latin countries, Peru’s Constitution allows citizens of other Latin countries (including Spain) who become naturalised citizens to maintain their previous nationality. In practice, dual citizenship is allowed in many cases.

The Philippines

Obtaining citizenship in the Philippines is nearly impossible for foreigners (although residency is easy), but Filipinos who obtain a second citizenship usually don’t lose their Filipino passport. If they do, however, there is a process to get it back.

Poland

Poland does not forbid its citizens from holding dual citizenship, but the country does not recognise it either. But there are cases where ‘exercising a second citizenship’ is disallowed, such as identifying yourself to Polish authorities as a foreign citizen.

Portugal

Portugal allows dual citizenship, and also offers an easy residency program for those wishing to invest in the country.

Romania

Romania does not cancel the citizenships of those who obtain a second passport elsewhere, although it does not claim responsibility for other nationalities being lost as a result of keeping Romanian citizenship. 

There have been cases of people who have lost their multiple nationalities after re-applying for Romanian citizenship. Furthermore, Romania has a controversial practice of granting dual citizenship to Moldovans.

Serbia

Located in southeast Europe, Serbia offers one of the least known citizenship-by-descent programs. As such, it allows Serbians to maintain other nationalities.

Slovenia

Slovenia, whose passport also confers European Union citizenship, may forbid those becoming naturalised citizens from keeping their existing nationalities. However, it does not prohibit native Slovenians from having a second passport in most cases.

South Africa

Until 1995, South Africa forbade its citizens from travelling on foreign passports. A 2004 law changed that and eliminated a requirement that forced those seeking dual nationality to apply for permission. 

As with many other countries, South Africa requires its nationals to enter and leave the country with their South African travel documents. It’s worth noting that South Africans who wish to obtain new citizenships going forward must inform the government BEFORE doing so, or else they will lose their South African nationality. 

South Africa has one of the most powerful passports in Africa.

Spain

Spain requires Spanish nationals to inform the government within three years if they obtain another nationality. It makes exceptions for those individuals who are natural citizens of an Iberoamerican country, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea or Portugal.

St Kitts and Nevis

Not only does St Kitts and Nevis have no restrictions on dual citizenship, but it does not report citizenship information to other countries either. Great for all the global investors applying for its citizenship-by-investment program. 

Read more about citizenship by investment if you’re interested.

St Lucia

St Lucia recognises dual citizenship, which is great news to investors given that the country has one of the fastest citizenship-by-investment programs in the world.

Sweden

In 2001, Sweden abandoned a long-held policy of prohibiting dual nationalities. Now, Swedish citizens may acquire other passports and foreigners applying for naturalisation in Sweden may keep their existing citizenship.

Switzerland

An estimated 60% of Swiss citizens living abroad are dual nationals, and that’s just fine according to Switzerland. As of 1992, the country does not forbid having another passport, nor does it force naturalised Swiss citizens to relinquish their original nationality. 

Although, celebrities like Tina Turner have obtained Swiss nationality as a means to relinquish US citizenship.

Syria

Syrian citizenship is a complicated thing. You get it by being the child of a Syrian father, or a Syrian mother whose partner is of stateless or unknown origins. Obtaining Syrian citizenship is near impossible: you have to marry a Syrian and live in the country for ten years. 

However, Syria generally allows its citizens to have other passports, although the government itself advises that renouncing Syrian nationality is so difficult it’s best not to even bother.

Tanzania

After years of discussion, this African country has officially approved dual citizenship.

Thailand

As one of the most insular and imperious countries on earth, Thailand allows dual nationality. A bit fitting to the name, considering the word ‘Thailand’ means ‘The Land of the Free’ after all.

Turkey

Turkey allows multiple nationalities but does require those obtaining them to provide a load of documents to Turkish officials during the process. 

Unlike many countries, Turkey does not require dual nationals to use their Turkish passport when entering or leaving the country.

Turkey also offers its own citizenship-by-investment program.

United Arab Emirates

Emirati passport holders were long forbidden to maintain other citizenships. However, this has recently changed, and the country now recognises dual citizenship under its new citizenship law.

However, obtaining citizenship through naturalisation in the UAE is incredibly difficult, with a tricky 30 year naturalisation period.

United Kingdom

Since the British Nationality Act of 1948, the UK has not restricted its citizens from having other nationalities. However, British Overseas Territories citizens (such as citizens of Anguilla) may lose their ability to obtain a British passport if they obtain another nationality.

United States

In almost all circumstances, the United States allows dual citizenship. You may be required to declare ‘other allegiances’ when applying for certain government programs or a US passport, but their request is more snooping than anything else.

You should be aware that taking up a foreign citizenship with the ‘intention’ of relinquishing your US citizenship can cause you to lose US citizenship. So can fighting in a foreign military or working for a foreign government in any number of jobs.

Vanuatu

Vanuatu does allow dual citizenship, and you can get the Ni-Vanuatu citizenship within 30 to 60 days. However, if you have dual citizenship, you will have slightly fewer voting rights and less political involvement.

Read about Vanuatu’s citizenship-by-investment program for more details.

Venezuela

Venezuela recognises dual citizenship. Also, children born on Venezuelan soil are entitled to Venezuelan citizenship (regardless of their parents’ nationalities).

Zambia

Dual citizenship has been permitted in Zambia since 2016. Zambian citizens, by birth, will not lose their citizenship by acquiring that of another country.

Countries that Allow Dual Citizenship (Under Specific Requirements)

The following countries allow dual citizenship under select conditions only.

Austria

Austria severely limits dual nationality in the country. This is interesting, considering there is a ‘secret’ citizenship-by-investment program that allows wealthy investors to become Austrian citizens in exchange for a donation of several million dollars — so long as they can prove they are ‘Austrian enough’. 

The only exceptions to these restrictions are:

1. For children born to one Austrian and one foreign parent whose country confers citizenship to children
2. To children given foreign citizenship by virtue of being born in a foreign country (like the United States)
3. To those unable by law to renounce their existing citizenship at home
4. To foreign professors who receive Austrian nationality. 

Read more about how to get second citizenship for children.

Bulgaria

Ethnic Bulgarians are entitled to maintain multiple nationalities without having to give up their Bulgarian passport. Those who did relinquish citizenship in the past may be able to get it back. 

However, those being naturalised as Bulgarians must renounce other nationalities upon becoming citizens.

Croatia

Ethnic Croatians who obtained citizenship by birth or by descent from at least one parent may maintain other nationalities. However, those who become naturalised Croatians must renounce all other citizenships, or be prepared to do so, before receiving Croatian citizenship.

El Salvador

El Salvador allows for dual citizenship, but only for those who obtained El Salvador nationality by birth. Naturalised citizens may not hold multiple nationalities.

Indonesia

Indonesians under 18 may hold dual citizenship as of 2020. While Indonesian officials are working to allow citizens to hold multiple nationalities, no such law exists yet, and Indonesians may not hold other citizenships.

Germany

The German cabinet recently gave the go-ahead to allow Germans to maintain dual citizenship if they are born to a German and a non-German parent, or to parents with dual nationality, if they are ​ethnic German repatriates, or if they can’t renounce their other citizenship, amongst other reasons. 

Historically, those with foreign-born parents had to choose between their parents’ nationality and German nationality once they became an adults. The law proposes to change that.

The Netherlands

In general, Dutch citizenship does not forbid anyone from obtaining an additional nationality. However, the country wants to limit dual citizenship as much as possible.

People who want to acquire citizenship of the Netherlands through naturalisation are, as a rule, required to give up their other citizenship if possible. This is called the renunciation requirement.

However, if you are a registered partner or married to a Dutch citizen when you become a Dutch national or were born in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, then you don’t have to worry about the renunciation requirement. 

You also do not have to renounce if you have the nationality of a country that the Netherlands has not recognised, such as Taiwan or the Palestinian Territories.

Russia

Russia officially allows dual citizenship only if there is a treaty on recognition of dual citizenship between Russia and the other country. Shocking? We know.

Slovakia

As part of a dispute with Hungary over its citizenship by descent policies, Slovakia limits dual citizenship in many cases. It does allow dual nationalities though for those that obtain its passport through birth or marriage.

South Korea

South Korea, while a great country, has a rather insular culture and long forbade its citizens from having another passport. 

However, as of 2011, a new law allowed those who became dual nationals at birth to retain both passports if they declared their intention to remain South Korean by age 22. 

The law does not allow South Koreans to obtain other citizenships as adults. However, expats living in South Korea who obtain citizenship — including through the country’s immigrant investor program — can retain their birth citizenship.

List of Countries That Do Not Allow Dual Citizenship

When planning your global citizenship strategy, it’s essential to understand where dual citizenship is forbidden. Here’s the list of countries that don’t allow you to hold two passports:

• Andorra
• Bahrain
• China
• Estonia
• India
• Japan
• Lithuania
• Malaysia
• Montenegro
• Singapore
• Ukraine

Let’s cover these countries in more detail below.

11 Countries that Don’t Allow Dual Citizenship

The next group of countries don’t allow dual citizenship. 

The only way you can acquire one of these nationalities is by giving up your current citizenship.

In the world of global citizenship, this is not ideal, and therefore we often advise against going down this route unless your circumstances or personal needs align with these countries.

Andorra

Andorrans who take up foreign citizenship lose their Andorran nationality but can apply to have it reinstated later if they are willing to renounce the citizenship they took up. 

Foreigners shouldn’t need to worry about this procedure since becoming a naturalised citizen of Andorra takes twenty years of residence, one of the longest periods on earth.

Bahrain

While the Kingdom of Bahrain has a long tradition of awarding citizenship to expats who make a substantial contribution to the tiny Middle Eastern country, Bahrain does forbid dual nationality, except for a few Gulf state passport holders.

China

China technically forbids dual nationality, but we have heard from many Chinese nationals that enforcement of this is weak. They also mention that China considers Chinese citizens to be only Chinese, but does not actually restrict them from holding other passports.

Estonia

Although not technically allowed, plenty of Estonians hold second passports, mainly from Russia. The Estonian government may allow naturalised citizens to keep existing citizenships, or may simply not check. 

However, naturalised citizens who obtain another citizenship after being naturalised will lose their Estonian nationality. Native-born Estonians are not subject to this provision, however, because Estonian citizenship is determined ‘by blood’ and cannot be taken away from anyone.

India

Does India allow dual nationality? Sadly, the answer is ‘no’. However, due to demands from its diaspora, the country did introduce the Overseas Citizenship of India program. 

The program offers a document that looks like a passport but does not serve as a substitute for a travel document, nor does it confer Indian citizenship.

Japan

Japan is one of the strictest immigration countries on earth. It does not allow citizens to maintain other allegiances and forces children who hold more than one passport to choose which one they wish to retain once they become adults.

Lithuania

Lithuania offers citizenship by descent to those with Lithuanian great-grandparents but requires all Lithuanians to choose between their citizenship and another nationality. The only exception is those with ancestors who left during times of occupation for reasons of persecution.

Malaysia

Although we recommend the MM2H visa program for residency, anyone holding Malaysian citizenship is disallowed from holding any other citizenship.

Montenegro

While there have been talks to allow dual nationality between Serbians and Montenegrins (in light of the two countries being one until 2006), citizens of Montenegro are forbidden to hold other citizenships and will lose their citizenship if they are naturalised elsewhere.

Singapore

Singapore has been a much-ballyhooed second passport in the offshore world, with claims citizenship can be obtained in as little as two years. That opportunity is no longer available. Plus, Singapore citizenship confers mandatory military service on the citizens as well as their children. 

In an attempt to protect the ‘fabric’ of their small country, Singapore aggressively forbids dual nationality.

Ukraine

Currently, Ukraine does not easily allow for dual citizenship. They even considered imposing prison sentences of up to ten years for having dual nationality. It’s possible to have another nationality, but if the government finds out, you could be in trouble.

Countries that Allow Dual Citizenship: FAQs

Access a Whole New World with Dual Citizenship

Dual citizenship opens doors to unparalleled global freedom and opportunity. 

From seamless travel to enhanced financial security and access to world-class healthcare and education, holding two passports is a powerful asset. 

Most importantly, a second passport gives you options so that you don’t have to rely on a single government to control your future.

Whether it’s through ancestry, investment or naturalisation, acquiring a second citizenship offers a strategic way to diversify your life and future. However, navigating the complex legal and procedural landscape around second citizenship requires expert guidance. 

At Nomad Capitalist, we specialise in helping seven- and eight-figure investors and entrepreneurs secure the freedom and flexibility of dual citizenship. Contact us today to learn how we can create a solution that aligns with your goals.