The Zero-Tax Citizen: Tax-Friendly Second Passports

Those of you who are tired of paying high taxes may have heard that a tax-friendly second passport can help you legally reduce your tax burden.

You might be a high-income entrepreneur who wants more control over their assets or, if you’re not quite there yet, you may be looking into diversifying for the future.

If that’s the case for you, then we have good news and bad news.

The good news is that it’s quite possible to use a second passport to legally reduce your taxes and we’ve helped plenty of people to do the same.

The bad news?

It’s not as easy as it sounds.

Using a tax-friendly second passport is a completely viable and legal way to become a zero-tax citizen – or at least to reduce your overall tax burden – but you’ll need to do the work and plan carefully for it to be a successful strategy.

Below, we’ll discuss a few important issues that you need to consider if you want to incorporate a second passport into your tax planning.

However, before you get too far into the subject of tax-friendly second passports, you should make sure that you’re familiar with the general idea behind getting a second passport, as well as some of the basic benefits of doing so.

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Tax-Friendly Second Passports Must Fit Your Goals

When someone tells us that they want to get a tax-friendly second passport, we always ask how this fits in with their life goals and objectives.

This helps them see the bigger picture and avoid falling into one of two common traps.

First, all too often, people become fixated on the tax part of this equation and limit themselves to only countries with no taxes, ignoring whether these limited options will actually yield the results and the lifestyle that they want.

On the other hand, others might not have a clear idea of how these fit in, and with so many options on the table, they fall into analysis paralysis trying to make a decision.

Therefore, before you dive into the process of getting a second citizenship, you need to consider two important issues: time and lifestyle.

Time refers to how quickly you want or need to get your second passport.

If you’re a wealthy US citizen who wants to renounce as soon as possible, then you may want to get a quick citizenship via investment in the Caribbean. 

There are currently five different Caribbean islands that offer citizenship by investment. On the other hand, if you’re still building your business, then you may have the patience to get an easy second residency that leads to citizenship in a few years.

You need to account for your current situation and your future goals to determine how quickly you need a second passport and how long you’re willing to work for it.

The second factor – lifestyle – is the question of whether you’re looking for a place to actually live in.

A US citizen who gets St Lucian citizenship by investment, for instance, likely isn’t going to move there, but a Chinese citizen who decides to get citizenship in Malta or another EU country may well decide to move there to get a better quality of life.

You have plenty of options when it comes to tax-friendly second passports, so when formulating your overall strategy, it’s important to take your end goals into account.

You need to think about what your ideal life looks like and when you want to reach certain milestones to make the best decisions possible about second citizenship.

What Are the Tax Ramifications of a Second Passport?

Once you’ve put some thought into how a second passport fits into your life plan, you must then consider the tax ramifications of any potential second passport.

The fact is that most of these options can be tax-friendly second passports if used correctly, but they can also wreak havoc on your tax strategy without proper planning.

Regardless of where and how you pursue second citizenship, you should consider how it could impact your taxes.

Generally speaking, there aren’t usually tax consequences that stem from simply acquiring a passport, so if you get a passport through investment, descent or fast-track naturalisation, you typically won’t bump into many tax issues.

At the same time, simply obtaining a second passport by itself doesn’t solve all your tax problems. You cannot be a US citizen, or a British citizen living in the UK, and claim that, because you’re also St Lucian, you’re exempt from tax. 

Each country views you as a citizen of their country. They don’t care what other citizenship you have. If they allow dual citizenship, it’s really more like they tolerate it. 

If you must go through traditional naturalisation processes, however, then tax issues often come into play.

The Tax Consequences of Naturalisation

To become a naturalised citizen of most countries, you need to actually live there and become a tax resident to be eligible to apply for citizenship.

This means that you’ll be liable to pay tax in that country for a certain number of years.

Suppose that you decide to become a Canadian citizen. To do that, you’ll need to live in Canada for nine months out of the year, which renders you a Canadian tax resident, and as a Canadian tax resident, you’ll be paying tax on your worldwide income.

Then, once you have your new second passport, you need to consider the difficulty of becoming a tax non-resident in that country.

This issue is why you’ll never see the US anywhere near a list of tax-friendly second passports. The US is the only major country in the world to use citizenship-based taxation, which forces all citizens to pay income tax by virtue of having a US passport.

Getting US citizenship is therefore not a good tax strategy unless you actually plan to live and work in the US for the rest of your life and there are other benefits that outweigh the tax burden.

That being said, becoming a tax non-resident of other countries can be difficult as well. Depending on your country of citizenship, you may need to sever all financial ties there in order to escape your country’s tax net.

Therefore, if you do decide to naturalise in a particular country, you need to account for your tax obligation during the naturalisation process as well as how you plan to become a tax non-resident once you have your passport.

Will Your Future Requirements Change?

Another issue that you need to consider with tax-friendly second passports is how they may change in the future.

Malta’s citizenship-by-investment program, for example, is currently a strategic option for people who want to get EU citizenship without undergoing a long naturalisation process.

However, the EU is constantly trying to get Malta to force people who get citizenship by investment there to prove genuine ties to the country. This may mean a heftier tax burden for current and prospective citizens.

If you decide to get Maltese citizenship by investment, then you may need to deal with stricter EU tax requirements in the future.

These kinds of issues are likely to arise in just about any developed country that uses a residential tax system. As their citizens find it easier to become tax non-residents by leaving, these countries are going to find ways to make establishing tax non-residency more difficult.

In fact, some politicians in Canada are proposing that their country adopt citizenship-based taxation.

Developed countries like Australia or the EU may require citizens to prove that they are paying a certain amount of tax elsewhere to be off the hook at home.

If that happens, you’ll no longer be able to become nomadic, move to a tax haven, or even live the Trifecta lifestyle with a low tax burden and also be able to free yourself from your country of citizenship’s tax net.

While this may be in the future, there’s definitely a noticeable trend toward more compliance and transparency and away from allowing people to be able to just pay zero.

Balancing Your Residence and Citizenship

When looking into tax-friendly second passports, where you actually plan to live is a major component of your tax strategy. However, this is something that often confuses people. 

So, let’s look at a few of the issues that arise as you consider where you want to establish residence versus where you want to become a citizen.

Before you dive into this section, you should make sure that you’re familiar with the four types of tax systems around the world. 

The type of tax system in your country of residence can make or break your tax strategy, so you should familiarise yourself with this concept before you get too set on any one destination.

Do You Want to Live in Your Country of Citizenship?

This question goes back to the lifestyle issue that we discussed earlier in this article – where do you imagine yourself living, and is that the same place as where you plan to get your second citizenship?

You’ll often see citizenship by investment programs (especially in the Caribbean) advertised as tax-free. That may be true to an extent, if you don’t plan on living in those countries.

For example, you can get a St Lucia passport and not ever pay a dime in St Lucian taxes, but if you decide to actually move there, then you’ll be subject to the country’s tax system which is not actually tax-free.

The reality is, however, that most people aren’t going to move to St Lucia or Grenada or any of these island nations.

Most people – especially Westerners – want a passport that works as a back-up plan, provides a pathway to achieving our financial goals, and increases our mobility and lifestyle freedom. 

We’re not necessarily looking to use tax-friendly second passports as a way to gain residency in a particular country.

While both Antigua and Barbuda and St Kitts and Nevis are tax-free countries and, consequently, popular places to get a tax-friendly second passport, very few people will actually move to these islands.

Instead, what we often advise people to do is to get the best passport that they can at the lowest possible price point and then get a residence permit in the place where they want to live.

The fact is that getting a St Lucia passport with an EU residence permit is going to cost you a lot less and be more profitable than getting Maltese citizenship by investment.

According to the people we work with who use this approach, you get many of the same benefits – namely, the ability to live in Europe and a passport with decent visa-free travel – without some of the perpetual nonsense that can accompany an EU passport.

For the most part, then, you’re probably not going to become a resident in the country where you get your second citizenship.

How Different Tax Systems Should Inform Your Residency Choices

Unless you’re dead-set on moving to a country where you can get a tax-friendly second passport, then you’ll likely need to consider where you want to live as well – and that requires some tax planning.

Basically, every country in the world will require you to pay some type of tax if you live there, but there are a few notable exceptions.

Getting Residence in Territorial Tax Countries

Territorial tax countries only tax you on income that is sourced in that particular country.

So, if your income is mostly comprised of rental earnings from foreign real estate investments or other foreign capital gains, then you would not need to pay tax in a territorial tax country.

Countries like Singapore, Hong Kong and Malaysia all have territorial tax systems, which is why they tend to attract wealthy residents.

However, most of these countries don’t offer citizenship very easily. You’ll need to meet strict residency and other requirements to become a citizen, and it won’t be cheap, either.

Getting a residence permit is a different story. We’ve helped plenty of people get residency in territorial tax countries.

If you get a tax-friendly second passport and a residence permit in a territorial tax country, you may be able to substantially reduce your tax burden.

We would also look at territorial tax countries that are smaller and aren’t going to bother you.

They’re aligned with Russia more than the West – and Russia is not trying to raise their taxes in a meaningful way. More importantly, because of its large diaspora, if Armenia tried to introduce citizenship-based taxation or were to raise taxes, it wouldn’t be possible.

They would be so unpopular.

The Armenian government wants more citizens to support them and to have the rights of Armenian citizens. They are not going to do anything that would jeopardise that relationship. 

And since Armenia only taxes those who live in the country, Armenian citizenship can work as a great second passport that will safely remain tax-friendly for the foreseeable future.

Tax-Friendly Second Passports in Zero-Tax Countries

In the citizenship by investment world, there are three countries where you can get a second passport and live tax-free – St Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda and Vanuatu.

You can technically do the same in Monaco as well, but living there is usually prohibitively expensive – even for most successful people.

St Kitts, Antigua and Vanuatu have relatively inexpensive citizenship by investment programs, and if you do decide to move there full-time, you won’t need to pay tax on any of your worldwide income.

The fact that you’ll always be able to live in a country with no income tax is what makes these countries the most appealing options for tax-friendly second passports.

Yes, Vanuatu is a tax-free country, but it’s not that well respected. It’s a tax-free country, but we wouldn’t recommend the passport. 

Antigua and Barbuda and St Kitts and Nevis are countries that have zero personal income tax. 

Again, some of the other islands may not be income tax free, but depending on what you’re doing, they could still work as part of a tax-free strategy. 

If you get a second passport in Antigua or St Kitts, then you can live and work on the beach while paying zero taxes.

Citizenship by investment in St Kitts and Nevis is the oldest citizenship-by-investment program in the business, and the cost starts at US$250,000 plus fees.

If you want more information on any of these programs, we have ultimate guides on getting citizenship by investment in St Kitts, Antigua and Vanuatu.

Lowering Taxes with Tax-friendly Second Passports

Although getting a second passport isn’t a guaranteed way to reduce your taxes, it’s an important part of the tax planning process.

For example, if you want to be a European citizen, there are ways to reduce your overall tax burden by living in different places, but the problem with that strategy is that the EU is making it increasingly harder to execute. 

There can be some serious tax consequences that come with living in Europe, and while they can be avoided, you need to plan very carefully.

That’s why so many people have found that getting a good-quality passport in a country like Grenada – which even gives visa-free access to closed-off countries like China and Russia – and using it to get an EU residence permit is a much more favourable solution.

That strategy, of course, isn’t perfect. If you do need to move to your country of citizenship one day, then you could end up paying more taxes there.That’s why we generally recommend paying a bit more to get citizenship by investing in a place like St Kitts and Nevis. A Kittitian passport is quite good, and if you ever move there, you’ll actually be helping your tax strategy more than hurting it.

Tax-Friendly Second Passports: FAQs

Design Your Global Citizen Strategy

The most important questions about using tax-friendly second passports in your global citizen strategy are, ‘Where do you want to go?’ and ‘Where do you see the world going in 10-15 years?’

We aren’t psychics, so we can’t tell you exactly what’s going to happen in the next decade or two – but we can make well-educated guesses.

First, most Westerners aren’t going to need the extra expense of becoming a European citizen. An EU passport could become a headache for several reasons, and you can find better citizenship by investment programs that are far cheaper.

The only exception to that would be if you can prove citizenship by descent in a country like Ireland or Italy. If it’s free, then European citizenship is a much more appealing option.

However, with Europe, it’s generally a good idea to only get a residency permit and seek citizenship elsewhere. That way, if the EU decides to clamp down on its citizens’ taxes, you still have an easy way out.

Second, St Kitts and Nevis and Antigua and Barbuda are relatively safe bets due to their tax-free status. While that may change in the next few years, it’s rather unlikely.

Third, you could technically get a passport in any country in the Caribbean Community Organisation (CARICOM), which would give you freedom of movement to tax-free countries like the Bahamas or St Kitts.

As it always goes with tax planning, the devil is in the details.

You might be a US citizen who wants to renounce, get a Grenada passport and then get an E-2 visa. Or you might be a UK citizen who wants to use a second passport as a backup plan post-Brexit – but wants to keep their UK citizenship just so they can always go back.

Ultimately, what it all comes back to are your goals and objectives.

Whether you want to live in Europe, Asia or a tiny island in the Caribbean, you’re going to need to make sure that your tax strategy lines up with your life plans.

If you’re thinking about getting a tax-friendly second passport or just generally getting your personal strategy into place, feel free to reach out to our team. We can help.