NOMAD PASSPORT INDEX
Discover the world’s best passports for 2025. We rank the best citizenships to have in an ever-changing world.
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THE NOMAD PASSPORT INDEX RANKS 199 CITIZENSHIPS FOR A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
THE NOMAD PASSPORT INDEX: RANKING 199 CITIZENSHIPS IN A CONSTANTLY CHANGING WORLD
In a world where borders open and close amid the turbulence of politics, policy, and perception, a passport is more than just a travel document – it’s a gateway to freedom, opportunity, and security.
The Nomad Capitalist Passport Index evaluates 199 citizenships, providing a deeper, data-driven look at what it means to be a truly global citizen.
Each passport is ranked across five key factors: visa-free travel, taxation, global perception, dual citizenship and personal freedom. These criteria reflect the real-world concerns of modern nomads, investors, entrepreneurs and internationally minded individuals.
As global mobility expands, so too do the challenges of wealth protection and personal autonomy. Shifting geopolitics, economic instability, and policy changes have curtailed visa-free access for many passports.
The Nomad Capitalist Passport Index tracks how each passport evolves year by year, assigning scores in each category and highlighting which countries are rising – or falling – in global influence.
In 2025, one message is clear: in today’s uncertain world, holding multiple citizenships is no longer a luxury – it’s a necessity.
1. IRELAND (1)
Nomad Passport Score: 109
Ireland takes the Nomad Passport Index top spot in 2025, edging out Switzerland as the back-and-forth battle between two of Europe’s neutral states enters its second year. While both countries offer world-class global mobility, Ireland pulls ahead thanks to a slight edge in visa-free, visa-on-arrival and ETA-based travel, combined with fast-track citizenship options. Irish citizens enjoy the right to live and work freely across the EU and, uniquely, in the UK. With its strong international reputation, entrepreneur-friendly tax policies and the overall flexibility of its passport, Ireland claims the title of the world’s strongest passport for 2025.
2. SWITZERLAND (2T)
Nomad Passport Score: 108.50
Switzerland slips to joint 2nd in 2025 after topping the index last year. A fractional dip in its mobility score – just enough to dent its overall tally by half a point – gave Ireland the edge and nudged the Swiss passport from its lofty perch. The Swiss passport remains among the world’s elite passports, and there’s little doubt the Swiss will be vying for the number one spot again next year. Though not an EU member, Switzerland’s dual citizenship laws and high levels of personal liberty keep it among the most sought-after passports in the world.
3. Greece (2T)
Nomad Passport Score: 108.50
Riding a wave of reform and renewed global appeal, Greece makes a dramatic leap to joint 2nd position in this year’s Nomad Passport Index. A boost to its mobility score and the expansion of a favourable tax regime helped propel the country up the rankings. Over the last year, Greece has become a standout performer in EU investment migration and tax planning discussions, gaining credibility and traction with high-net-worth individuals (HWNIs), retirees and global investors alike. A streamlined application process for tax incentives, introduced in late 2024, made it significantly easier for foreigners to access its benefits.
4. PORTUGAL (4)
Nomad Passport Score: 108.00
Portugal improves its overall score but still slips one spot to 4th place. A small bump in its mobility score nudged its overall total from 107.5 to 108, yet it wasn’t enough to claim another podium finish. That said, Portugal narrowed the gap with Ireland and Switzerland, keeping it firmly in the elite passport tier. Portugal remains a global favourite, offering a welcoming culture, visa-free access to destinations like South Africa and one of Europe’s most expat-friendly tax regimes. For many, it’s still the EU’s ultimate lifestyle passport.
5. MALTA (5T)
Nomad Passport Score: 107.50
Malta is one of the biggest movers and shakers in this year’s index, soaring from 14th to joint 5th. That move is powered by a significant jump in its tax score – from 30 to 40 – thanks to the continued appeal of its non-dom tax regime. Malta’s mobility rating dipped marginally, but its overall score still improved. With English as an official language, a Mediterranean lifestyle and a reputation for being internationally connected, Malta is increasingly seen as a smart base for those who want European access without the full tax burden.
6. ITALY (5T)
Nomad Passport Score: 107.50
Italy climbs to joint 5th in 2025, boosted by a stronger tax rating, which has pushed its overall score to 107.5. The government’s decision to expand the flat tax regime has widened access for high-net-worth individuals and retirees seeking simplified taxation. A lower cost of living compared to Northern Europe and a great quality of life has made it an increasingly attractive location. A slight decrease in its mobility score dented its overall score slightly, but there’s little doubt Italy is solidifying its place among Europe’s most desirable second-home destinations.
7. LUXEMBOURG (7T)
Nomad Passport Score: 107.00
Luxembourg slides to 7th in 2025 despite holding steady on its overall score. After falling out of the top three last year, the slide continues – not due to any misstep on Luxembourg’s part, but because of strong gains by other countries. With high personal freedoms, strong passport perception and a recently improved path to citizenship, Luxembourg remains a top-tier option. But in a fast-moving index, standing still is enough to lose ground.
8. FINLAND (7T)
Nomad Passport Score: 107.00
Finland drops from 4th in 2024 to a three-way tie for 7th in 2025 – but not because of a declining overall score. The Nomad Passport Index is about context, so while Finland’s score remains unchanged, the opposition has surged ahead. A regular in the top 10 of the index, Finland still offers one of the world’s most powerful passports, backed by strong freedom and global perception ratings, along with a reputation for stability. But Finland’s stricter expat tax policies and lack of recent innovation leave it looking slightly less agile in a fast-moving race.
9. NORWAY (7T)
Nomad Passport Score: 107.00
After cracking the top ten in 2024, Norway slips one spot to 7th this year despite a stronger showing than a year ago. Its overall score actually improved, thanks to a stronger mobility rating. While high taxes remain Norway’s Achilles heel, its passport is still highly prized for global travel. The country also continues to score well in perception, dual citizenship, and freedom, reinforcing its appeal despite the tax burden.
10. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (10T)
Nomad Passport Score: 106.50
The UAE shares 10th place in this year’s index with Iceland and New Zealand, down from 6th in 2024. Although its overall score remains unchanged, a failure to improve condemned it to a four-place fall. This marks the UAE’s second consecutive drop in the Nomad Passport Index, putting the former chart-topper at risk of exiting the top ten altogether. The decline stems primarily from recently introduced taxes, signalling a clear shift in attractiveness to global entrepreneurs and raising questions about the UAE’s future appeal.
GET THE RIGHT PASSPORT FOR YOU
We’ve advised clients on over 100 different citizenship options – from often-overlooked ancestry programs to fast-track investment routes and exclusive options for high-net-worth individuals (HWNIs). With so many choices out there, the key is knowing which one is right for you. Let Nomad Capitalist’s expertise, insight, and impartial guidance help you find the passport that fits your goals.
THE NOMAD PASSPORT INDEX RESEARCH TEAM
Nomad Capitalist has more than 95 team members worldwide who conduct research, create strategies, and implement client plans in our efforts to remain the most sought-after firm for high-level global citizens.
Andrew Henderson
Founder
Viktoria Amiryan
Assistant Technical Marketing Manager